Portale di Ateneo - En.Unibs.it

The course consists of four main topics: Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, Acoustics and Illumination design. The basic theoretical knowledge is provided together with examples, exercises and analysis of practical cases.

THERMODYNAMICS
Foundations of Thermodynamics. Mass, energy and entropy balance equations. Work, heat and bulk flow interactions. Thermophysical properties of pure substances. Perfect-gas. Heat engines, heat pumps and refrigeration units, thermal efficiency and coefficient of performance, thermodynamics efficiency. Brief notes on the main thermodynamics cycles. Thermophysical properties of moist air. Psychrometric chart. Dew-point temperature
Applied Thermodynamics. Examples and exercises about components for the treatment of moist air, heating and air conditioning of buildings.

HEAT TRANSFER
Conduction. Steady heat conduction for one dimensional problems with or without heat generation. Thermal-electrical analogy. Critical thickness of insulation. Brief notes on thermal bridges. Unsteady heat conduction in a semi-infinite medium and contact of two semi-infinite media. Biot number, lumped parameters model and Heisler diagrams for the solution of unsteady heat conduction problems.
Radiation. Electromagnetic spectrum. Definitions of emittance, irradiance and radiosity. Properties of absorption, reflection and transmission of a surface. The black body radiation, the Planck law and the Stefan-Boltzmann law. Definitions of gray body approximation and of emissivity. Thermal-electrical analogy for radiation heat transfer between black and gray surfaces. Linear approximation of radiation heat transfer and radiation heat transfer coefficient.
Convection. Definition of convective heat transfer coefficient. Similitude model, Buckingham theorem and non-dimensional numbers. Foundations of forced convection for external and internal flows and main correlations. Main correlations for free convection.
Buildings applications. Heat transfer through transparent and opaque walls. Thermophysical properties of walls. Estimation of thermal losses and loads and brief notes on some technical standards Brief notes on thermal bridges estimation.

ACOUSTICS
Basic concepts. Human ear and damage risk. Instrumentation for acoustic measurements. Free field spreading for point and line sources. Noise barriers. Sound absorption. Reverberation time. Sound power level determination based on sound pressure level measurements according to ISO 3744. Room acoustics. Reverberant and semi-reverberant fields. Echo radius. Architectural acoustics. Building Acoustics: sound reduction index of horizontal and vertical partitions. Isolation from tapping noise. Façade sound insulation. Italian legislation.

ILLUMINATION DESIGN
The light: elettromagnetic spectrum, vision and V(lambda) curve, colour rendering, how to measure colors. Basic quantities and measurement units: luminous flux, intensity, efficiecy, Illuminance, Luminance. Light sources: filament lamp, discharge lamp, fluorescent lamp, Hg lamp, Na lamp. Luminaires. Main parameters for a good illumination: illuminance level, spatial distribution, glare and luminance ratios. Examples. Validation: illuminance measurements, average illuminance, reflection factor of the walls. Standards.