Portale di Ateneo - En.Unibs.it

Cytology

Methodology and tools for the study of cells and tissues: the setting, inclusion, staining, light microscopy, electron microscopy, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, introduction of in vitro culture and molecular biology.

Chemical composition of the protoplasm and its organization.

The eukaryotic cell:

Plasma membrane: structure, chemical composition and functions: membrane receptors, signal transduction, transport of substances through the plasma membrane, exocytosis and endocytosis: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis. Specializations of the free surface, intercellular junction and adhesion to the substrate.

Cytoplasm: cytoplasmic matrix and cytoplasmic organelles: ribosomes, basics on protein synthesis, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, intracellular transport mediated by vesicles, peroxisomes, cytoplasmic inclusions, mitochondria, cytoskeleton (microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments) and cell motility.

Nucleus: morphology and structure: nuclear envelope, nucleoskeleton, chromatin, chromosomes, nucleolus and ribosome biogenesis.
Cell cycle: mitosis and meiosis.
Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis.

Histology

Epithelial tissue: overview, classification, cytological features, epithelial lining, sensory epithelia and secretory epithelia.
Glands: Classification of glands, exocrine glands, endocrine glands.
The oral mucosa and salivary glands.

Tissues of mesenchymal origin: the extracellular matrix: ground substance, matrix fibers (collagen fibers, reticular fibers, elastic fibers), connective tissue cells and the basement membrane.
Connective: mesenchyme, mucosal tissue mature, fibrillar connective tissue, compact or dense fibrillar connective tissue, elastic and reticular connective tissue, adipose tissue.

Cartilage: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrous cartilage.

Bone tissue: non-lamellar and lamellar bone tissue, structure and ultrastructure of bone, ossification: ossification direct, indirect ossification.

Blood and lymph: plasma elements of the blood: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, lymph.
Overview of Hematopoiesis.
Lymphoid tissue: diversity and functions of lymphocytes, lymphocyte circulation and organization of lymphoid tissue.

Nervous tissue: general, neuron, nerve fibers, peripheral nerve impulse transmission, synapses, neuroglia.

Muscle tissue: striated muscle tissue: skeletal muscle and skeletal muscle contraction, cardiac muscle tissue, smooth muscle tissue.

Tissues of the tooth: the general structure of the tooth: dentin, enamel, pulp, cement, periodontal ligament.

Embryology

Male and female gametogenesis.
Ovulation and ovarian cycle.
Fertilization, blastocyst formation and implantation in the endometrium.
Germinal disc bilaminar
Germinal disc trilaminar: gastrulation: the formation of the embryonic mesoderm, and endoderm, formation of the notochord, the constitution of the body axes, neurulation, growth of the germinal disc and further development of the trophoblast.
Embryonic period: ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal derivatives.
Placenta and fetal membranes: changes in trophoblast, chorion and decidua basalis leafy structure of the placenta.
Histogenesis of the tooth: formation of the crown (enamel organ) and the root.