Portale di Ateneo - En.Unibs.it

Introduction. Impact of transport on global consumption of energy; availability and exploitation of energy resources; local and global pollution; environmental costs and externalities.
Electric propulsion. Comparison with internal combustion engines; the history of electric propulsion, examples; the components of an electric vehicle.
Energy storage technologies for cars. Batteries: operating principles, ideal voltage, capacity, energy and specific power; technical characteristics and performance of lead-acid batteries, NiCd, NiMH and lithium ions; charging techniques; modeling of batteries for electric vehicles, the equivalent circuit; model for the Peukert capacity of a battery. Supercapacitors and flywheels: operating principles and performance.
Electric motors for automobiles. The ideal torque-speed curve; comparison with internal combustion engines; principles of operation, performance, and regulation of the DC motor, BLDC motor, induction motor, SRM motor; regenerative braking.
Hybrid propulsion. Degree of hybridization; series and parallel configurations; solutions for the mechanical coupling of the speed and torque. Examples.
Hydrogen engines. Fuel cells: principles of operation, ideal voltage, polarization curve; technologies for the hydrogen storage in vehicles: storage in gaseous and liquid phase, metal hydrides, reforming systems on-board.
Biofuels. Technologies of production of biodiesel and bioethanol, well-to-wheel analysis; technological solutions for the use of biofuels in vehicles.
Exercises. 1-Evaluation of the technical characteristics of the main electric vehicles coming onto the markets; 2- Design of the battery pack of an electric car adapted from a traditional vehicle; 3- Simulation of the curves "voltage - state of charge" for typical batteries; 4- Maps of efficiency for a DC motor with permanent magnets; 5- Simulations of electric vehicles.