EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS 1 (MECH., TERM.)

Single discipline educational activity

Course Sheet

Academic Year of enrolment:

2019/2020

Academic Year of provision:

2019/2020

Type of Course:

Basic

Degree:

Bachelor's Degree Programme in ENVIRONMENTAL AND LAND ENGINEERING

Disciplinary Sector:

EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS

Language:

Italian

Grouping type:

Credits:

Programme Year:

Professor and Collaborators:

VENTURELLI Luca Professor

LOVISETTI LUISA Collaborator

Cycle:

Second semester

Hours of classroom activity:

102

Hours of individual study:

123

Elementary knowledge of differential and integral calculus.

Educational Goals

-familiarization with the scientific method and its use for modeling of the reality;
-knowledge of fundamental concepts of classical physics for the topics covered in the course (see program);
-Ability to address and solve simple problems in physics through the use of appropriate mathematical tools.

Content

MECHANICS
METROLOGY
VECTORS
KINEMATICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT
DYNAMICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
ENERGY CONSERVATION
DYNAMICS OF SYSTEMS
COLLISIONS
OSCILLATIONS
WAVES
GRAVITATION
FLUID MECHANICS
ELEMENTS OD THERMODYNAMICS
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

Extended Syllabus

COURSE CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
Experimental methods – Physical Quantities – Units of Measurements – Dimensional Analysis – Measurement errors – Rounding Off – Significant Digits – Scientific Notation.
VECTORS
General Information – Scalar and Vector Physical Quantities – Representation of Physical Quantities by means of vectors - Vector Operations: sum, difference, product of a vector with a scalar, scalar product, Vector product - Commutative Property - Associative Property - Components of a Vector - Derivation of a Vector - Integration.
KINEMATICS
Material Point - Position - Speed - Acceleration - Hourly Law – Rectilinear Uniform Motion – Uniformly Accelerated Motion - Parabolic Motion – Angular Velocity – Angular Acceleration - Uniform Circular Motion – Constant Angular Acceleration Motion – Rotational Vector Physical Quantities.
DYNAMICS OF MATERIALS
Principle of Inertia - Inertial Mass - Force - 2nd Newton's Law - Principle of Action and Reaction – Laws of Force: Gravitational Force, Weight Force, Frictional Force, Elastic Force - Application of the Laws of Newton - Motion Along an Inclined Plane - Circular Motions: Centripetal Forces.
REFERENCE SYSTEMS
Inertial and Non-Inertial Reference Systems – Galilean Transformations – Law of Composition of Speed - Fictitious Forces - Principle of Galilean Invariance.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
Work - Power - Kinetic Energy – Theorems of Kinetic Energy - Conservative Forces- Potential Energy- Potential energy Calculation – Elastic Potential Energy – Gravitational Potential Energy -Central Forces - Mechanical Energy Conservation - Non-Conservative Forces – Energy Mass Equivalence.
MATERIAL POINT SYSTEMS DYNAMICS
Material Point Systems - Internal Forces and External Forces - Momentum - Momentum and Law of Newton - Center of Mass of a Material Point System – Center of Mass Speed –Center of Mass Acceleration - Conservation of Motion Quantities for a Material Point system –Mechanical Momentum - Angular Momentum - Conservation of the Angular Moment for a Material Points System.
VIBRATIONS
Pulse of a force - Elastic, inelastic and completely inelastic shocks
RIGID BODY DYNAMICS
Rigid Body - Motion of a Rigid Body - Work and Kinetic Energy in the Rotational Motion - Moments of Inertia - Rigid rotations around a fixed axis in an inertial reference system –Moment of Forces and Angular Acceleration of a Rigid Body - Conservation Laws in the Motion of a Rigid body.
OSCILLATIONS
Simple Harmonic Oscillator: Motion Equations and Solutions - Mass-Spring System - Simple Pendulum -Physical Pendulum - Kinetic and Potential Energy in Simple Harmonic Motions - Damped Harmonic Oscillator -Forced Harmonic Oscillator – Resonance.
WAVES
Harmonic wave, Wave Propagation Speed, Wave along a Tight Rope, Principle of Overlap - Fourier Analysis, Wave Interference, Stationary Waves
GRAVITATION
Fundamental Forces - Historical Background - Gravitational Force - Principle of Overlap - Terrestrial Gravitational Force - Central Force - Conservation of the Angular Momentum - Gravitational Potential Energy - Gravitational Potential Energy of two Point form Masses - Motion of a body subjected to Gravitational Force - Case of Circular Orbit - Terrestrial Satellites - Escape Velocity - Kepler Laws-Newton's Reasoning - Cavendish Experiment.
MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
Pressure – Density –Stevino's Law – Pascal Principle – Archimedes Principle – Condition of Floating – Motion of an Ideal Fluid –Continuity Equation – Bernoulli Equation.
THERMODYNAMICS ELEMENTS
THERMOMETER AND CALORIMETER
Thermal Balance - Zero Principle - Temperature Concept - Temperature Measurement – Thermometer Perfect Gas - Kelvin Temperature - Heat Calorimetric Definition - Thermal Capacity – Heat Specific and Latent Calories - Calorie - Calorimeter - Heat Sources - Mechanical Heat Equivalent- Heat transmission Overview: Conduction, Convection, Radiation.
THERMODINAMICI SYSTEMS
Thermodynamic Systems and States - Open System - Closed System - Isolated System - Macroscopic Viewpoint - Thermodynamic Coordinates - Thermodynamic Balance - Simple Thermodynamic Systems- PVT Systems - Status Equation - Perfect Gas Status Equation -Thermodynamic Transformations – Quasi-static Transformation – Reversible and Irreversible Transformations - Reversible quasi-static Transformation.
HEAT, WORK AND FIRST THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLE
Work in a Transformation of a PVT system - Adiabatic Work - Internal Energy – Definition Heat Thermodynamics - First Principle of Thermodynamics – Internal energy of an ideal gas: Free expansion.
KINETIC THEORY OF GAS
Number of Avogadro, Ideal Gases, Law of Ideal Gases, Work of an Ideal Gas at Constant Temperature, Work of an Ideal Gas at Constant Pressure, Work of an Ideal Gas at Constant Volume, Relationship Between Pressure and Speed, Relationship Between Translational Kinetic Energy and Temperature.
SECOND THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLE
Conversion of Work to Heat and vice versa - Thermal Machines - Kelvin Planck's Statement of Second Principle of Thermodynamics - Refrigerating Machines - Clausius's statement of The second Thermodynamic Principle – Equivalence of the two Statements.
REVERSIBILITY - ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE
Reversibility and Irreversibility - Carnot Cycle - Carnot's Theorem - Carnot's Machine - Absolute Thermodynamic temperature.
ENTROPY
Clausius Theorem, The function of Entropy State, Entropy for Irreversible Transformations, Principle of Increase of entropy, Universe and Entropy, Unusable Energy

Recommended Bibliography

A physics textbook for a university level beginning physics course.
For example:

FISICA 1
R.Resnick, D.Halliday, KS.Krane. Fisica 1 (5a ed.), CEA
ISBN 978 8808 08611 2

ELEMENTI DI FISICA vol 1 Meccanica, Termodinamica
P. Mazzoldi, M. Nigro, C. Voci
2007 - II edizione - EdiSES, Napoli
ISBN 978 88 7959 4189

Methods of Provision

Conventional

Teaching Methods

Lectures and exercises.

Assessment Methods

The exam consists of a written test (replaceable by intermediate optional tests) and a subsequent compulsory oral test. The final grade is determined by taking account of both the written test (or the intermediate tests) and the oral test.
WRITTEN:
The written exam is aimed at ascertaining the ability to solve questions and calculations (both symbolic
and numerical) related to the topics of the course. The test is divided into 5 exercises.
Written exercises have a level of difficulty not greater than that of the exercises performed in the course exercises.
For each exercise, a grade between 0 and 6/30 is assigned depending on the degree of completeness of the solution.
A vote less than 15/30 is considered insufficient. During the writing, it is not permissible to consult books or course notes. Use of a non-programmable calculator is allowed.
ORAL:
candidates must have obtained a vote to access the oral exam
of the written (or of the tests in itinere) greater or equal to 15/30. The exam is considered passed when the final grade, which takes into account the marks of the written and of the oral exam, is greater than or equal to 18/30. The oral examination is mainly aimed to ascertain an adequate knowledge of the theory. The oral exam can be taken in the same exam session or, at the student's choice, in subsequent exam sessions within 8 months from the date of writing
TESTS IN ITINERE:
Intermediate tests are reserved for students attending classes and exercises during the year. The first test is carried out at about half of the course while the second at the end of the course. In each test 10 questions or short multiple choice exercises are proposed. For each question/exercise 4 answers are proposed, of which only one is correct. In the case of identifying the correct answer, a vote of 3/30 is assigned, a negative vote of -1/30 in the case of a wrong answer, and 0/30 if no answer is given. The tests are considered passed if for each one a score not lower than 10/30 is obtained and if the average of the marks of the two tests is not lower than 15/30.
Passing the tests in itinere replaces the written test.

Assessment:

Final Mark

Programme of Educational Activities

Start date of teaching period:

Monday, February 17, 2020

End date of teaching period:

Friday, June 5, 2020

Other Information

On the course page at https://elearning.unibs.it/ you can find: 1) the texts (not the solutions) of the exercises that are performed as exercises; 2) the texts with the solutions of the written tests and the intermediate tests of the last years; 3) supplementary teaching material 4) the marks obtained in the last written test (and in the intermediate tests); 5) the calendar of oral tests.

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