Portale di Ateneo - En.Unibs.it

Knowledge of the atomic structure, chemical bounds' characteristics and properties in inorganic and organic compounds of biological interest. Structure description of the main inorganic (acids, salts) and organic compounds (hydrocarbons, carbonyl compounds, ammines and heterocycles), and biological molecules (lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and nucleic acids). Understanding of the principles about: reactivity, kinetics, equilibria in the aqueous solutions, acid-base reactions (pH, buffer solutions), and colligative properties of the solutions. Knowledge of reactivity principle applications of tinorganic and organic compounds, focused to acid-base properties of the molecules and organic compounds' reactions mechanisms. Basic chemistry and biochemistry principles for the comprehension of biological processes and knowledge of the most important biological molecules, and their metabolic reactions. Definition of the metabolic adaptation in humans during exercise, with main attention to the muscle metabolic reactions concerning carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids, the synthesis and storage of the energy, the aerobic and anaerobic metabolic processes. Knowledge of biochemical markers and identification methods for the evaluation of health and the diagnosis of pathological conditions in athletes, with particular attention to skeletal and cardiac muscle systems. Introduction to doping drugs and to analytical methods used in laboratories for doping analyses.  Definition of eukaryotic cell system and structure and functions of cellular molecules: knowledge of the central Dogma of the biology, focused to the gene transcription, protein translation and DNA replication. Knowledge of the cell cycle and the molecular mechanisms of its regulation. Study of the structure and function of muscle cells, of the macromolecules involved in the movement and the molecular principles regulating striated and smooth muscle cells' contraction. Knowledge of the gene structure, gene mutations and their role in genetic muscle diseases. Definition of the molecular principles, levels and mechanisms involved in the gene expression regulation during muscle cell development, proliferation and differentiation.