Portale di Ateneo - En.Unibs.it

Notions of normal anatomy, physiology, anatomical and functional semeiology, medical and surgical therapy

Eyelid pathology
Blepharitis, stye, chalazion, position alterations (entropion, ectropion); motility alterations (lacophthalmos, ptosis); hypertrophic and neoplastic processes (xanthelasms, warts, epitheliomas)

Pathology of the tear apparatus
Dacryadenitis, tear gland tumor, affections of the runoff lacrimal pathways (stenosis, dacryocystitis)

Conjunctiva pathology
Catarrhal conjunctivitis, purulent, necrotizing, hyperplastic; penguecule, pterygium, tumor neoformations

Corneal pathology
Ulcerative keratitis (bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoan); parenchymatous keratitis, dystrophies and degeneration; keratoconus

Sclera Pathology
Episcleritis, scleritis

Uvea pathology
Iridocyclitis, pars-planitis, chorioretinitis, tumour neoformations, sympathetic uveitis

Retina Pathology
Detachment of retinal retinopathy, secondary retinal detachments, atherosclerotic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, retinopathy from renal failure, retinopathy of the preterm, occlusions of the central artery and central vein and their branches, diabetic retinopathy, hereditary tapetoretinic degenerations (retinitis pigmentosa and central degenerations), maculopathies, tumor neoformations.

Pathology of the lens
Congenital and early childhood cataract, traumatic cataract, senile cataract, complicated cataract, secondary cataract, lens dislocations

Optical pathway pathology
Stasis papilla, ischaemic papilla edema, intrabulbar (papillitis) and extrabulbar optical neuropathies, optical atrophies and lesions of the optical pathways

Pathology of ocular hydrodynamics
Primary glaucomas (closed angle, open angle), congenital glaucomas, secondary glaucomas

Orbit pathology
Inflammatory, endocrine and tumor exophthalmos

Traumatic pathology
Contusions, wounds, burns, caustications, siderosis, chalcosis

The eye as a dioptric medium
- Reflection and refraction of light
- Lenses: spherical, cylindrical, prismatic, filtering
- Dioptric system
- Defects of static refraction: myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism
- Anisometropias
- Defects of dynamic refraction and accommodation (presbyopia, accommodation spasm, accommodation paralysis)
- Correction of refractive defects: objective methods, subjective methods
- Aphakia correction
- Pseudofachia
- Concepts of contactlogy
- Asthenopia: visual fatigue, vision hygiene
- Hypovision: visual impairment, visual disability

Pathology of extrinsic and intrinsic ocular motility
Pathophysiology of binocular vision; concomitant strabismus; paralytic strabismus; nystagmus; pupil function alterations