Furnace classification, furnace design, EAF refractories, furnace electric system and power generation, graphite electrode manufacture and properties, gas collection and cleaning, raw materials selection, furnace operations, new scrap melting processes, processes under development
Tapping the steel, stirring in ladles, reheating of the bath, ladle furnace, vacuum degassing processes, RH degasser, CAS-OB process
Dilution refining processes: AOD, KCB-S, K-BOP/K-OBM-S, MRP and CLU. Equipment for EAF-AOD process. AOD operations.
Historical aspects and key technologies, process description, continuous casting components, semis internal and external quality.
Description of blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace for the production of steel: plants, processing steps, chemical reactions, metallurgical implications.